What Is a Controlled Experiment

A controlled experiment is one in which everything is held constant except for one variable. Usually, a set of data is taken to be a control group, which is commonly the normal or usual state, and one or more other groups are examined where all conditions are identical to the control group and to each other except for one variable. Sometimes its necessary to change more than one variable, but all of the other experimental conditions will be controlled so that only the variables being examined change. And what is measured is the variables amount or the way in which they change. Controlled Experiment A controlled experiment is simply an experiment in which all factors are held constant except for one: the independent variable.A common type of controlled experiment compares a control group against an experimental group. All variables are identical between the two groups except for the factor being tested.The advantage of a controlled experiment is that it is easier to eliminate uncertainty about the significance of the results. Example of a Controlled Experiment Lets say you want to know if the type of soil affects how long it takes a seed to germinate, and you decide to set up a controlled experiment to answer the question. You might take five identical pots, fill each with a different type of soil, plant identical bean seeds in each pot, place the pots in a sunny window, water them equally, and measure how long it takes for the seeds in each pot to sprout. This is a controlled experiment because your goal is to keep every variable constant except the type of soil you use. You control these features. Why Controlled Experiments Are Important The big advantage of a controlled experiment is that you can eliminate much of the uncertainty about your results. If you couldnt control each variable, you might end up with a confusing outcome. For example, if you planted different types of seeds in each of the pots, trying to determine if soil type affected germination, you might find some types of seeds germinate faster than others. You wouldnt be able to say, with any degree of certainty, that the rate of germination was due to the type of soil. It might as well have been due to the type of seeds. Or, if you had placed some pots in a sunny window and some in the shade or watered some pots more than others, you could get mixed results. The value of a controlled experiment is that it yields a high degree of confidence in the outcome. You know which variable caused or did not cause a change. Are All Experiments Controlled? No, they are not. Its still possible to obtain useful data from uncontrolled experiments, but its harder to draw conclusions based on the data. An example of an area where controlled experiments are difficult is human testing. Say you want to know if a new diet pill helps with weight loss. You can collect a sample of people, give each of them the pill, and measure their weight. You can try to control as many variables as possible, such as how much exercise they get or how many calories they eat. However, you will have several uncontrolled variables, which may include age, gender, genetic predisposition toward a high or low metabolism, how overweight they were before starting the test, whether they inadvertently eat something that interacts with the drug, etc. Scientists try to record as much data as possible when conducting uncontrolled experiments, so they can see additional factors that may be affecting their results. Although it is harder to draw conclusions from uncontrolled experiments, new patterns often emerge that would not have been observable in a controlled experiment. For example, you may notice the diet drug seems to work for female subjects, but not for male subjects, and this may lead to further experimentation and a possible breakthrough. If you had only been able to perform a controlled experiment, perhaps on male clones alone, you would have missed this connection. Sources Box, George E. P., et al.  Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery. Wiley-Interscience, a John Wiley Soncs, Inc., Publication, 2005.  Creswell, John W.  Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall, 2008.Pronzato, L. Optimal experimental design and some related control problems. Automatica. 2008.Robbins, H. Some Aspects of the Sequential Design of Experiments. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 1952.

Friendships Should Not Be Based On Social Media - 1253 Words

Friendships in the 21st century do not have the same importance and worth as they used to. Friendships now are seen as being friends on social media but never speaking a word to each other in real life. Saying hi s and hellos in the hallways , but not a word more. Friends should be a tight knit community where one can relax in an environment of love, affection and safeness. Where they can be vulnerable and comfortable enough to share their fears and their secrets. Friends know us better than we know ourselves, they have been with us from the beginning . The eye contacts that are made when someone s talking has gotten too much, the inside jokes that only you guys know. Friendships should not be based on social media nor how popular a person is. They should be based on a persons personality their character. For viewers in 2015, Friends disrupts the current value placed on friendship. From our first cry to final breath, we have developed friendships throughout our lives. There are countless articles that argue whether or not people who have had stable friendships at a young age affect their personalities and characteristics as they age. In Thomas Berndt’s â€Å"Friendship Quality and Social Development, the paper argues that those who have stable relationships as a child and continue as they grow up show signs of social stability, intimacy, and low levels of conflicts and rivalries, but those who do not are more shy and withdrawn (1). This is very important because,Show MoreRelatedI Get By With A Little Help From My? Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesI get by with a little help from my†¦? In Curtis Silver’s essay titled â€Å"The Quagmire of Social Media Friendships,† He describes the realization of what a true friend is. With millions of people on social media, anyone can feel as though they have achieved rock star status. This is the ruse social networking sites like Facebook and twitter cause. Having thousands of â€Å"friends† on social media accounts has changed the true meaning on how people connect on a personal level. The question is, is it evenRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And Agricultural Revolution1509 Words   |  7 Pagesof correspondence today is social media, particularly Facebook. In developing and maintaining friendships with others online, relationships are both strengthened and weakened by the barriers and networks formed through social media. As a result, sites like Facebook create a communication gap between those whose friendships are dependent upon social media, leaving numerous traits of the individual and the group up for debate. Most importantly, the influence of social media sites is slowly working toRead MoreRelationships Affected By Media1112 Words   |  5 Pages The media The media can come in many forms. From social media, magazines to Television. Although there are fundamental differences the core purpose of all media is communication. Whether it be to inform, entertain or advertise. Communication Communication comes in many forms as well. For example: written or spoken communication. These all involve the the exchange of information through different medias. In order for communication to be carried our correctly, understanding must be accomplishedRead MoreThe Factors That Shape An Individual s Self Concept Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pageslf-concept refers to the mental image or idea that an individual holds regarding themselves. An individuals’ self-concept continually develops in each of the life stages and is seen to be closely related to the social as well as the emotional development. As such, a person views themselves differently depending on the environment in which they are. Self-concept in an individual takes various steps to being formed. The most important step is the initial one which happens while one is still a childRead MoreTim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau and the Internet1476 Words   |  6 Pagesof a friend is lost because of the indecency of social media. The growth of social media causes people to question what a friend is because people do not understand the difference between interacting face to face, rather than socializing on the web. As more social media sites come to the market, people are social without going out. The growth of social media causes people to think, act, and interact differently, causing the meaning of friendship to be lost, because of the growth of the web. SocializingRead MoreTardanico discusses how lack of face-to-face communication can lead to miscommunication. She starts1100 Words   |  5 PagesTardanico discusses how lack of face-to-face communication can lead to miscommunication. She starts off the article with an anecdote about a mother texting her daughter who is away at college and based on the messages exchanged the daughter seems to be doing just fine. She used various emoji’s expressing happiness. No one knew that she had been isolated in her room portraying signs of depression, an entirely different world from the one portrayed on Facebook, Twitter, and to her mother. â€Å"Awash inRead MoreRelationship Between Relationships And Relationships1471 Words   |  6 Pagesit will not. Friendships are unique relationships because unlike family relationships, we choose to enter into them. A friend is a person cable of loving regardless of whether he is being loved or not. Friendships can exist between same sex: man-man, woman-woman, or opposite sex: man-woman. It transcends age and could subsist between even an old man and small boy. Human beings also establish relationships with their pet such as cats, dogs, horses, doves, and even parrots. Friendships can also beRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1352 Words   |  6 Pageseasier contact and introduction. Social media is a powerful means of this. Through social media, people are able to connect through common interests and ideas. With these connections, fewer people feel alienated and the overall the mental health of some individuals could improve. Studies have been done to prove this unpopular theory. Social media also provides an avenue for people to plan events more easily and meet in groups. Young can acquire beneficial social engagements. College students areRead MoreHow Social Media Has On Our Society101 0 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Faux Friendship,† associate professor William Deresiewics discusses the affect that social media has on our society. Deresiewics originally published this piece in The Chronicles of Higher Education in December 2009, but this piece has been published in The Nation, The American Scholar, The London Review of Books, and The New York Times. Deresiewics’ attempts to convince readers that social media take away our ability to build relationships in person. Despite Deresiewics’ appeal to ethos andRead MoreSocial Media Has Affected The Way Human Interact With Each1402 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media has affected the way human interact with each other. Social media is websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking, which involves Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. Adolescents use social media to make relationships that are really interment, but could be dangerou s. Most adolescents do not interact with one another in person as much they use to before social media. Adolescents would rather video chat and message

Alternative Solutions Case Study of SFO Airport †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Alternative Solutions Case Study of SFO Airport. Answer: Identification of Alternatives Determining the solution In context to the SFO Airport, the alternative solutions that has been identified is incorporation of various wireless technology within the airport. The wireless technology solutions that can be implemented to generate revenue in the airport are listed as below: Selling Wi-Fi service to passengers for accessibility of internet from their devices. Wireless EFTPOS payments at retail outlets to avoid cash transactions. Bluetooth based security cameras to reduce the costs required for security. Installation of wireless display in the airport for the users to connect with the display on demand and have a bigger gaming experience using miracast technology. Streaming live music using a Bluetooth radio station that can be accessed on demand by the customer will help in raising fund for the airport authority. The implementation of the mentioned solutions with wireless technology in SFO Airport will also facilitate internal communications and better security within the airport besides generating revenue. Views of stakeholders on the initiative The various stakeholders associated with implementation of the solution for SFO Airport supports the initiative as it will help to uplift present conditions of the airport to generate more revenue by selling Wi-Fi access to the passengers and implementing the other mentioned solutions. The employees especially the security managers will be benefited from Bluetooth based security cameras as it will facilitate creation of policies and procedures to maintain better security within the airport facility by internal communications. The business partners will be delighted with this initiative as it could be eventually mean generation of more profit from the services and improvements in security infrastructure of the airport without replacement of existing systems, hardware or other products. Effect of initiative upon the opinions of stakeholders The solution will be implemented considering the opinions of the stakeholders as they will be directly affected with incorporation of the initiative. The stakeholders will be benefited upon implementing the wireless technology to offer Wi-Fi services to the passengers that will generate revenue. However, the security managers of the airport may require to undertake training due to the implementation of new wireless technology. The business partners may think that implementing the new solution will not be beneficial in terms of the required costs. Credence to be given by the organization on the opinions/values of stakeholders The views of the various stakeholders associated with implementing the new solution must be taken into account prior to incorporation of the initiative. The stakeholders must be involved in every phase of the work so that they can participate as well as maintain ownership. The knowledge of the stakeholders have to be incorporated as it may prove to be invaluable to avoid mistakes while implementing the new solution. Hence, the stakeholders opinions or values have to be protected at all cost for successful implementation of a new solution within the organization. Approach to reduce possible alternatives In context to SFO airport, the existing physical access systems will be combined together with the help of wireless technology for selling Wi-Fi services to the passengers and facilitating wireless EFTPOS payments at retail outlets. The wireless EFTPOS payments at retail outlets will eventually lead to ease of the passengers for making payments thus it will generate revenue for the airport. The installation of wireless display for the users to connect their device for entertainment will attract more passengers and eventually increasing the revenue and profit. The combining of the existing system with the mentioned wireless technology will help to reduce the costs for replacement of old hardware or systems within the facility. The integration of new solution with existing system will also facilitate reduction in material costs. Analyzing the Alternatives: Feasibility of the solution The wireless technology solution for SFO airport that has been identified will be feasible in terms of overcoming the technical and operational challenges. The new solution will help to improve the operational activities being carried out within the facility as well as upgradation of the existing physical access systems that require manual operations for processing payments and maintaining security within the airport facility. Benefits of the solution The benefits that will be achieved upon implementation of the solution are listed as below: Reduction in costs for labor and materials. Increased efficiency in the processing of payments. Improvements in compliance with safety regulations. Avoiding the costs required for replacement of old systems. Costs associated with the solution The cost required for installation and implementation of wireless technology within the airport is $ 250,000.00 and the annual maintenance cost required for the solution will be $25,000.00. Comparing feasibility and cost-benefit analysis of the solution Feasibility of the solution The solution is economically feasible in terms of the associated costs and benefits. The solution is also practically feasible as it will provide the benefits that are required by the associated stakeholders. Cost benefit analysis of the solution Tangible Benefits Category In $US Material costs $ 216,000 Total Tangible Benefits $ 216,000.00 Tangible One-Time Costs Category In $US Total Development Cost $ 250,000.00 Total Tangible One-Time Costs $ 250,000.00 Tangible Recurring Costs Category In $US Maintenance cost $ 25,000.00 Total Tangible Recurring Costs $ 25,000.00 Payback Analysis Benefits of option 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Material costs $ 18,000.00 $36,000.00 $72,000.00 $90,000.00 $ - Total Benefits $ 18,000 $ 36,000 $ 72,000 $ 90,000 $ - Costs of option 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Development costs $ 250,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - Maintenance costs $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 Total Costs $ 275,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 $ 25,000 Net benefits/costs $ (257,000) $ 11,000 $ 47,000 $ 65,000 $ (25,000) Cumulative benefits/costs $ (257,000) $ (246,000) $ (199,000) $ (134,000) $(159,000) Break Even Period 2.31325301 The cost benefit analysis illustrates that it will require 2.31 years to return the investment done to implement the solution. Risks associated with the solution The major risk that is associated with incorporation of the solution is incorporation of wireless technology may require the existing employees to upgrade their technical skills and expertise. This in turn will require the organization to arrange for training of the employees that may lead to increase in cost. Hence the organization may think replacing the existing employees with new skilled workers that may affect the operational activities within the facility. Bibliography Bazargan, M., Lange, D., Tran, L. and Zhou, Z., 2013. A simulation approach to airline cost benefit analysis.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,14(2), p.54. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Hastings, N.A.J., 2015. CostBenefit Analysis. InPhysical Asset Management(pp. 239-248). Springer International Publishing. He, H.R., Kotlarsky, J. and Gholami, R., 2014. Towards Understanding IT Value Co-creation in Crowdsourcing: the Multiple Stakeholders Perspective. Mishan, E.J., 2015.Elements of Cost-Benefit Analysis (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H. and Tarhini, T., 2015. Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), p.25.

Push Ups free essay sample

Diolch. Distributed by Publishers Group West Please Note This book has been written and published strictly for informational purposes, and in no way should be used as a substitute for consultation with health care professionals. you should not consider educational material herein to be the practice of medicine or to replace consultation with a physician or other medical practitioner. The author and publisher are providing you with information in this work so that you can have the knowledge and can choose, at your own risk, to act on that knowledge.In simple terms, an equal effort is required IntroductIon 11 to lower your body and raise it back up, and it’s this controlled pace that works muscles as a team through three types of muscle-building resistance—concentric, eccentric and isometric. The benefits of push-ups are plentiful. Push-ups will improve muscular endurance within the upper body, strengthen both muscles and bones, create lean muscle mass that raises your metabolism and, of course, help keep you fit and healthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Push Ups or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you’re just looking to develop a great chest, arms and shoulders, you could do much worse than follow along with the 100 Push-Ups plan. In addition, I guarantee you’ll be surprised as your core strength goes through the roof, too! Speaking as an aging but competitive runner, I’ll be the first to admit I’ve neglected my upper body strength in the past. However, in recent times I realized the importance of developing muscular strength and endurance and as a result went in search of an easy-tofollow but challenging exercise regime.The solution, I soon found, was the good oldfashioned push-up—a classic compound exercise to develop muscular endurance in the chest, shoulders and arms. The logic I followed was simple: an increase in upper body strength would help me become a better runner and, when the going got tough toward the end of a race, my overall strength would kick in and see me through to the finish line. I loved the fact that push-ups were su ch a straightforward exercise and could be performed literally anywhere with no special equipment. I took time to research various existing plans and workouts, and the rest, as they say, is history. People lose up to two percent of muscle mass per year, eventually losing as much as 50 percent of muscle mass in the course of a lifetime. The effects of losing muscle mass include a decrease in strength, greater susceptibility to injury, and an increase in body fat. The good news, however, is regular exercise enlarges muscle fibers and will help stave off the decline by increasing the strength of muscle you have left.In fact, in many cases, strength training has been proven to reverse the loss of muscle mass and bone density due to aging. I understand the most intimidating step is the first one. That’s why this book also covers basic warm-up and stretching information and a variety of programs to suit all levels. In addition, you’ll learn motivational tips and proper push-up technique, as well as be exposed to an array of alternative push-up styles if so required. Still need proof that the 7 Weeks to 100 Push-Ups plan is for you? ead the testimonials (see pages 28–31) from real people who have completed 100 consecutive push-ups and find out how a regular strength-training regime impacted their lives. 13 About the Book Fitness gains cannot be made without a concerted effort and a disciplined regime. After taking an initial test to determine your current fitness level, this book will guide you through a seven-week plan that is sure to set you on the road to a new, improved you. Hundreds of people just like yourself have already completed the program and been amazed at the results.All it takes is the will to succeed, steely determination and a small time commitment each week. 14 7 Weeks to 100 Push-uPs This book contains four major sections, each with a specific goal. Part 1 introduces the seven-week program, defines how to perform the perfect push-up, describes why push-ups are a fantastic exercise and details the benefits of following a structured training program. It also contains real-life testimonials from people who have successfully completed 100 consecutive push-ups, a list of frequently asked questions and steps to follow before embarking on the program.

The Magna Carta essays

The Magna Carta essays Power in Medieval England was unorganized and corrupt. Past rulers such as King John (1199-1216) had abused their positions and unsuccessfully carried out their obligations. The Magna Carta came into existence in 1215 for the purpose of limiting the authority of the king and his officials. It was the first step in creating a constitutional government in England. Clause fourteen accounts for taxation without representation. Taxes were created by a number of officials that followed certain procedures outlined in the document. Several other clauses such as twelve and fifteen limit the use of tax money in a way that seems to be irrelevant and incomplete. In the years before the Magna Carta, the taxation system was poorly arranged and taxes were imposed unfairly, which led to the unjust treatment of the people. The clauses lacked details but were valuable because no other system made these kinds of limitations. Clause thirty-nine makes a trial available to any freeman accused of a crime. No freeman can be imprisoned or punished without a trial. This important clause is preceded by clause thirty-eight which does not allow any freeman to be put on trial without a reason. Some justice can be upheld with these few clauses but can be ultimately disregarded by a wealthy official. Loopholes existed in great numbers. The ideas behind these clauses are beneficial yet weak because of the imprecision behind the structure. Several clauses throughout the Magna Carta were created to secure other clauses. Clause thirty-six says that any clauses preceding it would not be denied to any freeman. It is ironic how the following clauses concern the typical citizen the most. Clause sixty three does not allow any of the other sixty-two clauses to be used in bad faith. This clause makes it punishable to misuse any part of the Magna Carta. The writers left plenty of room for abuse. Without these securities, the ideas behind ...

American History Since 1877 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American History Since 1877 - Essay Example However, challenges still loomed for blacks in the 1870s such as the â€Å"Ku Klux period†1. However, since the 1870s, America has undergone numerous changes to become the modern day world’s super power. This paper examines American history since 1877 to the present date. After the civil war, most of the population in America moved to the west and towards the end of the 19th century, cities begun to expand. During this period, America also witnessed growth contributed by industrial revolution thus opening up more businesses and creating the principle of laissez faire.Further, employment opportunities where created during this period and marked the introduction of wage workers. Regulations such as protective tariff were also introduced on traded commodities and to favor domestic business owners. On the other hand, the whites gained control of the South during this period and denied blacks voting rights. The barring of blacks from voting was made possible by the introduction of new laws and intimidation. Further, the relationship between the Federal government and Native America also suffered during this period where most of the Natives were forced into reservations2. In the early decades of the 20th century, saw the rejection of the principle of the laissez-faire economy emphasized in the Gilded Age. Leaders in America during this era were more progressive in terms of pressing for new changes. An example in this sense, involves pressurizing the government to regulate corporations. Consequently, the Federal government endeavored in breaking up large monopolies in the country. Progressive reformation during this period also saw the introduction of tax on the rich as a means of redistributing wealth to the disadvantaged in the society. This period further marked the transition from a republican federation of states to democracy of national citizens. However,

Management in Robin Hood band Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in Robin Hood band - Essay Example He selected four lieutenants, where one was placed in charge of intelligence and scouting, the other one responsible for maintain discipline among the members of the band, the third one entrusted with the role of managing the finances of the band and the last lieutenant authorized to undertake the provisioning of the ever increasing band. The purpose/value statement of the band was â€Å"Rob the rich and give to the poor† (Lampel, 1). However, the band did not live up to its mission and eventually wanted to change from confiscating of goods to start taxing the people. This was a point of failure, since the band lost its purpose and mission, a fact that served to weaken its fight against the Sherriff. The key stakeholders were the members of the band, the enemy who was the Sherriff, the political allies and friends of the Sherriff, the rich merchants and traders and the not so well-up village people. Each of the stakeholders had their expectations. The band members expected to defeat the Sherriff, the village people expected their interests to be fought for by the band, the Sherriff expected to defeat the band and the allies of the Sherriff expected to remain in power. ... le, when the leader suggested the taxation of the people in order to make enough finances to fund the bands operation, the band members opposed to the taxation of the people, whom they considered their allies. The threats to the band were the decline in the sources of supplies for their food and finances, as well as the increased growth in strength of their enemy, the Sherriff. The opportunities open to the band was its collaboration with the barons who were against Prince John, a conspiracy that would earn the band future amnesty. The key issues arising from the analysis is the inappropriateness of the leadership style applied by the bandleader. A one-man leadership style did not seem to work, especially as the number of the band grew to enormous. Lack of commitment to the mission and purpose of the band is yet another issue. Another issue is that the band lacked a plan and a projection of the future growth crisis of the band, as well as the decline in their financial and food resou rces. The underlying question for the bands organization then becomes, can the band overcome all the challenges facing it and stay committed to its course of fighting the Sherriff? Applying the five-factor model on the management of the band, there is a perceived fulfillment of the requirements of some elements of the model. For example, there is a high degree of sociability in the bands management, a high level of thoughtfulness as indicated by the deep thinking portrayed by the bands leader, emotional instability and anxiety is also present, as demonstrated by the anxiety that the leader has. Openness is yet another trait portrayed by the leader of the band, in terms of his imagination and insights (Lampel, 2). However, one element, as required by the five-factor model is missing in the